Refusals & Second Opinions
These follow the Spousal Open Work Permit model. Each page carries the site-wide ProfessionalService and Person schema and a FAQPage schema built from its own FAQ, so the build notes stay short. This category leans on the RCIC-IRB credential for direct hearing representation; Federal Court matters are referred to a lawyer, since consultants cannot act as counsel there.
Procedural Fairness Letters
Is a procedural fairness letter a refusal?
No. It is an opportunity to respond before a decision is made.
How long do I have to reply?
The deadline is stated in the letter and is often short. Do not wait.
It mentions misrepresentation. How serious is that?
Very. A finding can carry a five-year inadmissibility, so the response needs to be careful and evidence-based.
Can I get more time?
Sometimes, if an extension is requested properly and early.
Can I just explain in my own words?
Explanation alone rarely works. Each concern needs to be answered with supporting evidence.
Application Refusals & Reconsideration
Can I appeal a visitor visa refusal?
There is no formal appeal. The options are a stronger new application or judicial review.
What are GCMS notes?
The officer's internal notes explaining the decision. We can request them to see the real reasons.
Is reconsideration worth trying?
Sometimes, but it is discretionary and does not extend your court deadline.
How long do I have for judicial review?
Short, generally 15 days from inside Canada and 60 days from outside. Act quickly.
Should I just reapply?
Only if the new application actually fixes what went wrong the first time.
Humanitarian & Compassionate (H&C)
What is an H&C application?
A discretionary request for permanent residence based on exceptional humanitarian and compassionate circumstances.
Does it stop my removal?
No, not on its own.
What matters most?
Establishment, family ties, and especially the best interests of any children affected.
Can anyone apply?
It is for exceptional circumstances, and there are limits on who and what can be considered.
How long does it take?
It is a lengthy process. We give you a current estimate for your situation.
Admissibility Hearings & Detention Reviews
Can you represent me at the hearing?
Yes. As an RCIC-IRB, we can appear for you before the Immigration Division.
What is a detention review?
A hearing on whether you remain detained or are released. It recurs at set intervals while detention continues.
Can my family help with release?
Often yes, including by acting as a bondsperson as part of a release plan.
Does a release plan guarantee release?
No, but a strong, realistic plan materially improves your chances.
What if I am found inadmissible?
It can lead to a removal order. We address the options, including any available appeal.
IAD & RAD Appeals
Can you represent me at the IAD or RAD?
Yes. As an RCIC-IRB, we can act for you at both divisions.
What can the Immigration Appeal Division hear?
Sponsorship refusals, certain removal orders, and residency obligation appeals.
Can I submit new evidence on appeal?
It is limited, especially at the Refugee Appeal Division, and the rules have to be met.
How long do I have to appeal?
The deadlines are short and strict. Act immediately.
What if I lose the appeal?
Judicial review at the Federal Court may be available. We connect you with a lawyer, since consultants cannot act as counsel there.
Refugee Claims & Hearings
Can you represent me at my hearing?
Yes. As an RCIC-IRB, we can appear for you at the Refugee Protection Division.
What is the Basis of Claim?
Your written account of what happened and why you fear returning. It anchors the claim and has a tight deadline.
What decides a claim?
Largely your credibility and the country-condition evidence supporting your fear of return.
How long do I have for the Basis of Claim?
Short deadlines apply. We work to them from the start.
What if my claim is refused?
You may be able to appeal to the Refugee Appeal Division. We assess that right away.